Telecom IoT-customers has found out that sending a 4-byte floating-point value using MQTT, has an overhead of 702 bytes:
Therefore, the telecoms and standards organisations has come up with Cellular Non-IP Networking. (1NCE has even made their own OS to solve this problem!):
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/octo-026-12jul21-en.pdf
Similarly to the Huawei New IP proposal, the starting point of ETSI NIN ISG is the claim that TCP/IP is an old protocol, unsuitable for the new types of applications promised by 5G…
and
The initial assumption of this effort is that the TCP/IP protocol suite, now 40 years old, is no longer suitable for modern networking.